ORWELL BLOGGAR
3.9.40
Yesterday talking with Mrs. C., [1] who had recently come back from Cardiff .  Raids there have been almost continuous, and finally it was decided that work in the docks must continue, raids or no raids.  Almost immediately afterwards a German plane managed to drop a bomb straight into the hold of a ship, and according to Mrs. C. the remains of seven men working there “had to be brought up in pails”.  Immediately there was a dock strike, after which they had to go back to the practice of taking cover.  This is the sort of thing that does not get into the papers.  It is now stated on all sides that the casualties in the most recent raids, e.g. at Ramsgate , have been officially minimised, which greatly incenses the locals, who do not like to read about “negligible damage” when 100 people have been killed, etc., etc.  Shall be interested to see the figures for casualties for this month, i.e. August.  I should say that up to about 2000 a month they would tell the truth, but would cover it up for figures over that.[2] Michael[3] estimates that in his clothing factory, evidently a small individually-owned affair, time lost in air-raids cost £50 last week. [1] Unidentified. [2] The number killed in air raids in September was 6,954; 10,615 were seriously injured.  In the devastation of Coventry on 16 November (code-named ‘Moonlight Sonata’ by the Germans), 554 people were killed of a population of a quarter of a million; only one German plane was shot down.  Throughout the war, 60,595 civilians were killed by enemy action.  This stands in contrast to 30,248 members of the Merchant Marine; 50,758 Royal Navy; 69,606 RAF; and 144,079 Army.  Of some 36,500 civilians killed in air raids to the end of 1941, more than 20,000 died in London, more than 4,000 in Liverpool, more than 2,000 in Birmingham, and nearly 2,000 in Glasgow. [3] Probably the ‘M’ mentioned in diary entry of 16.6.40 , see 639.  £50 would be about a week’s wages for a total of 10-12 people. Peter Davison
1.9.40
Recently bought a forage cap . . . . . It seems that forage caps over size 7 are a great rarity.  Evidently they expect all soldiers to have small heads.  This tallies with the remark made by some higher-up to R.R. in Paris when he tried to join the army – “Good God, you don’t suppose we want intelligent men in the front line, do you?” All the Home Guard uniforms are made with 20-inch necks. . . . . Shops everywhere are beginning to cash in on the Home Guard, khaki shirts, etc., being displayed at fantastic prices with notices “suitable for the Home Guard.” Just as in Barcelona in the early days when it was fashionable to be in the militia.
31.8.40
Air-raid warnings, of which there are now half a dozen or thereabouts every 24 hours, becoming a great bore.  Opinion spreading rapidly that one ought simply to disregard the raids except when they are known to be big-scale ones and in one’s own area.  Of the people strolling in Regent’s Park , I should say at least half pay no attention to a raid-warning . . . . . Last night just as we were going to bed, a pretty heavy explosion.  Later in the night woken up by a tremendous crash, said to be caused by a bomb in Maida Vale [1]. E. and I merely remarked on the loudness and fell asleep again.  Falling asleep, with a vague impression of anti-aircraft guns firing, found myself mentally back in the Spanish war, on one of those nights when you had a good straw to sleep on, dry feet, several hours rest ahead of you, and the sound of distant gunfire, which acts as a soporific provided it is distant. [1] A suburb of London straddling NW8 and W9, about a mile from where Orwell was living in Chagford Street . Peter Davison
29.8.40
Air-raid alarms during the last 3 nights have totalled about 16-18 hours for the three nights. . . . . . It is perfectly clear that these night raids are intended chiefly as a nuisance, and as long as it is taken for granted that at the sound of the siren everyone must dive for the shelter, Hitler only needs to send his planes over half-a-dozen at a time to hold up work and rob people of sleep to an indefinite extent.  However, this idea is already wearing off. . . . . . For the first time in 20 years I have overheard bus conductors losing their tempers and being rude to passengers.  E.g. the other night, a voice out of the darkness: “’Oo’s conducting this bus, lady, me or you?”  It took me straight back to the end of the last war. . . . . . ..  E. and I have paid the minimum of attention to raids and I was honestly under the impression that they did not worry me at all except because of the disorganisation, etc., that they cause[1].  This morning, however, putting in a couple of hours’ sleep as I always do when returning from guard duty, I had a very disagreeable dream of a bomb dropping near me and frightening me out of my wits.  Cf. the dream I used to have towards the end of our time in Spain, of being on a grass bank with no cover and mortar shells dropping round me. [1] See Orwell’s ‘London Letter,’ Partisan Review , March-April 1941, 740. Peter Davison
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